Input/Output Formatting Functions
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int
sno[10],qty[10],i,n;
char
itemcode[20][10];
float
price[10],ta[10];
cout<<"\n\t\t
i/o formatting functions"<<endl;
cout<<"\n\t\t--------------------------"<<endl;
cout<<"\n
enter number of customers:";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<endl<<setw(4)<<"\n enter item code:";
cin>>itemcode[i];
cout<<endl<<setw(4)<<"\n enter quantity:";
cin>>qty[i];
cout<<endl<<setw(4)<<"\n enter price:";
cin>>price[i];
ta[i]=price[i]*qty[i];
}
cout<<endl;
cout<<"\n\t----------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
cout<<setw(4)<<"\tsno"<<setw(15)<<"itemcode"<<setw(15)<<"qty"<<setw(15)<<"price"
<<setw(15)<<"total
amount";
cout<<"\n\t----------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<endl;
cout.setf(ios::right,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<i+1;
cout.setf(ios::right,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(15);
cout<<itemcode[i];
cout.setf(ios::right,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(15);
cout<<qty[i];
cout.setf(ios::right,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(15);
cout<<setprecision(3)<<price[i];
cout.setf(ios::right,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(15);
cout<<setprecision(3)<<ta[i]<<endl;
}
cout<<"\n\t----------------------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
i/o formatting functions
--------------------------
enter number of customers:2
enter item code:a12
enter quantity:5
enter price:15
enter item code:b21
enter quantity:64
enter price:32
----------------------------------------------------------------
sno itemcode qty price total amount
----------------------------------------------------------------
1 a12 5 15.00 75.00
2 b21 64 32.00 2048.00
---------------------------------------------------------------
Concept Of Message Passing.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void callbyval(int a,int b)
{
int k=a;
a=b;
b=k;
cout<<"\n in fun()";
cout<<"\n value of a="<<a<<"and
b="<<b;
}
void callbyadd(int *p,int *q)
{
int *r;
*r=*p;
*p=*q;
*q=*r;
cout<<"\n\n in fun()";
cout<<"\n value of a="<<*p<<"and
b="<<*q;
}
void callbyref(int &x,int
&y)
{
int z=x;
x=y;
y=z;
cout<<"\n\t in function";
cout<<"\n value of x="<<x<<"and
y="<<y;
}
int maxval(int &e,int &f)
{
if(e>f)
return e;
else
return f;
}
void main()
{
int choice;
do
{
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\n to determine the
concept of message passing by using";
cout<<"\n\n\t 1.call by
value";
cout<<"\n\n\t 2.call by
address";
cout<<"\n\n\t 3.call by
refernce";
cout<<"\n\n\t 4.return by
refernce";
cout<<"\n\n\t 5.exit";
cout<<"\n\n\t enter your
choice:";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
{
int
s,t;
cout<<"\n\n\t
enter the value s,t:";
cin>>s>>t;
cout<<"\n\n
in main fun()";
cout<<"\n\n
before swapping s="<<s<<"and t="<<t;
callbyval(s,t);
cout<<"\n\n
in main fun()";
cout<<"\n\n
after swapping s="<<s<<"and t="<<t;
getch();
break;
}
case 2:
{
int
u,v;
cout<<"\n\n\t
enter u and v:";
cin>>u>>v;
cout<<"\n\n
in main fun";
cout<<"\n\n
before swapping u="<<u<<"and v="<<v;
callbyadd(&u,&v);
cout<<"\n\n
in main function";
cout<<"\n\n
after swapping u="<<u<<"and v="<<v;
getch();
break;
}
case 3:
{
int
c,d;
cout<<"\n\n\t
enter the value c and d:";
cin>>c>>d;
cout<<"\n\n
in main function";
cout<<"\n\n
before swapping c="<<c<<"and d="<<d;
callbyref(c,d);
cout<<"\n\n
in main fun()";
cout<<"\n\n
after swapping c="<<c<<"and d="<<d;
getch();
break;
}
case 4:
{
int
g,h,max;
cout<<"\n\t
enter the value g and h";
cin>>g>>h;
max=maxval(g,h);
cout<<"\n\n
g value is:"<<g;
cout<<"\n\n
h value is:"<<h;
cout<<"\n\n
largest value is:"<<max;
getch();
break;
}
}
}while(choice!=5);
}
OUTPUT:
To determine the concept of message passing by using
1.call by
value
2.call by
addres
3.call by
refernce
4.return by
refernce
5.exit
enter your
choice:2
enter u and
v:6
4
in main fun
before
swapping u=6and v=4
in fun()
value of
a=4and b=6
in main
function
after
swapping u=4and v=6
Concept Of Control Structure.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void personage()
{
int
age;
cout<<"\n\t
enter your age:";
cin>>age;
if(age>=18)
cout<<"\n
you are eligible for voting----!";
}
void biggest()
{
int
x,y;
cout<<"\n\t
enter x and y values:";
cin>>x>>y;
if(x>y)
cout<<"\n
x is bigger:"<<x;
else
cout<<"\n
y is bigger:"<<y;
}
void student()
{
int
rollno,s1,s2,s3,total;
char
sname[20];
float
avg;
cout<<"enter
roll number:";
cin>>rollno;
cout<<"enter
student name:";
cin>>sname;
cout<<"enter
sub1,sub2,sub3 marks:";
cin>>s1>>s2>>s3;
total=s1+s2+s3;
avg=(total)/3;
cout<<"\n
rollno:"<<rollno<<"\n
sname:"<<sname<<" ";
cout<<"\n
sub1:"<<s1<<"\n sub2:"<<s2<<"\n
sub3:"<<s3;
cout<<"\n
total:"<<total<<"\n avg:"<<avg;
if(s1>=35
&& s2>=35 && s3>=35)
{
if(avg>=75)
cout<<"\n distinction";
else if(avg>=60 && avg<75)
cout<<"firstclass";
else if(avg>=50 && avg<60)
cout<<"secocdclass";
else
cout<<"thirdclass";
}
else
cout<<"\n fail----!";
}
void number()
{
int
i=0,n;
cout<<"\n
enter the range for display the numbers say n:";
cin>>n;
while(i<=n)
{
cout<<"\n"<<i;
i++;
}
}
void power()
{
int
m,y,j=1;
cout<<"\n
enter the range for display cube of the numbers m:";
cin>>m;
do
{
y=pow(j,3);
cout<<"\n"<<y;
j++;
}while(j<=m);
}
void factorial()
{
int
p,k,f=1;
cout<<"\n
enter the values for factorial say p:";
cin>>p;
for(k=1;k<=p;k++)
f=f*k;
cout<<"\n
factorial is:"<<f;
}
void main()
{
int
choice;
char
ch,ch1;
do
{
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\t control
structures";
cout<<"\n 1.conditional
statements";
cout<<"\n 2.looping
statements";
cout<<"\n 3.exit";
cout<<"\n enter your
choice:";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case
1:
do
{
int choice1;
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\t your choice is
conditional control statements";
cout<<"\n 1.the simple if
statements";
cout<<"\n 2.the if-else
statements";
cout<<"\n 3.the nested if
statements";
cout<<"\n enter your
choice:";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:personage();
getch();
break;
case 2:biggest();
getch();
break;
case 3:student();
getch();
break;
default:cout<<"\n
invalid choice----!";
getch();
break;
}
cout<<"\n do you want to
continue:(y/n)";
cin>>ch;
}while(ch=='y' || ch=='Y');
break;
case
2:
do
{
int choice2;
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\t your choice is
looping control structures:";
cout<<"\n 1.while";
cout<<"\n 2.do-while";
cout<<"\n 3.for";
cout<<"\n enter your
choice:";
cin>>choice2;
switch(choice2)
{
case 1:number();
getch();
break;
case 2:power();
getch();
break;
case 3:factorial();
getch();
break;
}
cout<<"do you want to
continue(y/n):";
cin>>ch1;
}while(ch1=='y' || ch1=='Y');
break;
case
3:exit(0);
default:cout<<"\n
invalid choice----!";
getch();
break;
}
}while(choice!=3);
}
OUTPUT:
Control Structures
1.conditional statements
2.looping statements
3.exit
enter your choice:1
Your choice is conditional control statements
1.the simple if statements
2.the if-else statements
3.the nested if statements
enter your choice:2
enter x and y values:5
2
x is bigger:5
do you want to continue:(y/n)
n
Function Over Loading
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define pi 3.14
void volume(int a)
{
int
volume;
volume=a*a*a;
cout<<"\n
volume of cube:"<<volume;
getch();
}
void volume(float radius,float
height)
{
float
volume;
volume=pi*(radius*radius*height);
cout<<"\n
volume of the cylinder:"<<volume;
getch();
}
void volume(int length,int breadth,int
r_height)
{
int
volume;
volume=(length*breadth*r_height);
cout<<"\n
volume of the rectangle:"<<volume;
getch();
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
int
choice,l,b,s,rh;
float
ra;
do
{
clrscr();
cout<<"\n to perform the values
by using function over loading"<<endl;
cout<<"\n\n\t 1.volume of
cube";
cout<<"\n\n\t 2. volume of
cylinder";
cout<<"\n\n\t 3.volume of
rectangle";
cout<<"\n\n\t 4.exit";
cout<<"\n\n\t enter your
choice:";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1 :
{
cout<<"\n\n\t your choice is to be
find the volumes of cube";
cout<<"\n\n enter the side of the
cube:";
cin>>s;
volume(s);
break;
}
case 2 :
{
cout<<"\n\n\t your choice is to be
find the volumes of cylinder";
cout<<"\n\n enter the radius &
height of the cylinder:";
cin>>ra>>rh;
volume(ra,rh);
break;
}
case 3 :
{
cout<<"\n\n\t your choice is to be
find the volumes of rectangle";
cout<<"\n\n enter the
length&breadth&height of the rectangle:";
cin>>l>>b>>rh;
volume(l,b,rh);
break;
}
case 4:
exit(0);
default:
cout<<"\n\n\t enter a valid
choice----------!:";
getch();
}
}while(choice!=4);
}
OUTPUT:
To perform the values by using function over
loading
1.volume of cube
2. volume of cylinder
3.volume of rectangle
4.exit
Enter your choice:2
Your
choice is to be find the volumes of cylinder
Enter
the radius & height of the cylinder:5
6
Volume of the cylinder:471
Enter your choice:4
Array Of Objects.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
#include<string.h>
class student
{
int sno,so;
int dms,ps,ip,co,om,total,t[20],rank;
float
avg;
char
sname[10],grade[20];
public:
void
read();
int
cal();
float
average();
void
display();//
void
disp(int);
};
void student::read()
{
cout<<"\n enter student
number:";
cin>>sno;
cout<<"enter
student name:";
cin>>sname;
cout<<"\n
enter marks dms:";
cin>>dms;
cout<<"\n
enter marks ps:";
cin>>ps;
cout<<"\n
enter marks ip:";
cin>>ip;
cout<<"\n
enter marks co:";
cin>>co;
cout<<"\n
enter marks om:";
cin>>om;
}
int student::cal()
{
total=dms+ip+co+om+ps;
return(total);
}
float student::average()
{
avg=(dms+ip+co+om+ps)/5;
if(dms>=35&&ps>=35&&ip>=35&&co>=35&&om>=35)
{
if(avg>=75)
strcpy(grade,"distn");
else
if(avg>=60&&avg<75)
strcpy(grade,"first");
else
if(avg>=50&&avg<60)
strcpy(grade,"second");
else
strcpy(grade,"third");
// return(avg);
}
else
strcpy(grade,"fail");
return(avg);
}
void student::display()
{
cout<<endl<<setw(10)<<sno<<setw(10)<<sname<<setw(4)<<dms<<setw(4)
<<ps<<setw(4)<<ip<<setw(4)<<co<<setw(4)<<om<<setw(8)<<total<<setw(8)<<avg
<<setw(8)<<grade<<endl;
}
void student::disp(int so)
{
if(sno==so)
{
display();
}
else
{
cout<<"\n the number u have entered
is wrong---!!";
}
}
void menu()
{
cout<<endl;
for(int
i=0;i<70;i++)
cout<<"-";
cout<<endl;
}
void main()
{
student
s[10];
int
o[10];
int
i,j,n;
float
avg[10];
clrscr();
cout<<"\n
enter number of students:";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].read();
o[i]=s[i].cal(); //total calculation
avg[i]=s[i].average(); //avg calculation
}
clrscr();
menu();
cout<<endl<<setw(10)<<"sno"<<setw(10)<<"sname"<<setw(4)<<"dms"<<setw(4)<<"ps"
<<setw(4) <<"ip"<<setw(4)<<"co"<<setw(4)<<"om";
cout<<setw(8)<<"total"<<setw(8)<<"avg"<<setw(8)<<"grade"<<endl;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(o[j]==s[i].cal())
{
s[i].display();
cout<<setw(10)<<j+1;
}
}
}
menu();
int so;
cout<<"\n
enter number of students whose details to be display:";
cin>>so;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].disp(so);
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
enter number of students:2
enter student number:101
enter student name : AJAY
enter marks dms:56
enter marks ps:68
enter marks ip:57
enter marks co:86
enter marks om:77
enter student number:102
enter student name : LOKESH
enter marks dms:75
enter marks ps:65
enter marks ip:85
enter marks co:67
enter marks om:78
----------------------------------------------------------------------
sno
sname dms ps ip co
om total avg
grade
101
AJAY 56 68
57 86 77
344 68 first
102
LOKESH 75 65
85 67 78
370 74 first
----------------------------------------------------------------------
enter number of students whose details to be
display:102
102
LOKESH 75 65
85 67 78
370 74 first
Operations
On Strings
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<process.h>
class string
{
char str1[20],str2[20];
public:
void
read();
void
length();
void
copy();
void
concat();
};
void string::read()
{
cout<<"\nenter first
string:";
cin>>str1;
cout<<"\nenter second
string:";
cin>>str2;
}
void string::length()
{
int length=0;
for(int i=0;str1[i]!='\0';i++)
{
length++;
}
cout<<"\nlength
of first string is:"<<length;
length=0;
for(i=0;str2[i]!='\0';i++)
{
length++;
}
cout<<"\nlength
of first striong is:"<<length;
}
void string::copy()
{
cout<<"\nBrefore copying
string1:"<<str1;
cout<<"\nBrefore copying
string2:"<<str2;
for(int j=0;str1[j]!='\0';j++)
{
str2[j]=str1[j];
}
str2[j]='\0';
cout<<"\nafter copying
string:"<<str2;
}
void string::concat()
{
int count=0,p,q,r;
char str3[30];
for(p=0;str1[p]!='\0';p++)
{
str3[p]=str1[p];
count++;
}
r=count;
for(q=0;str2[q]!='\0';q++)
{
str3[r]=str2[q];
r++;
}
str3[r]='\0';
cout<<"\nthe concatination of two
strings:"<<str3;
}
void main()
{
string s;
int ch;
do
{
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\t\t STRINGS
";
cout<<"\n\t\t1.string
length";
cout<<"\n\t\t2.string
copy";
cout<<"\n\t\t3.string
concortenation";
cout<<"\n\t\t4.exit";
cout<<"\nenter your
choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
s.read();
s.length();
getch();
break;
case 2:
s.read();
s.copy();
getch();
break;
case 3:
s.read();
s.concat();
getch();
break;
case 4:
exit(0);
default:
cout<<"enter
correct choice";
getch();
break;
}
}while(ch!=4);
}
OUTPUT:
STRINGS
1.
String length
2.
String copy
3.
String concatination
4.
Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter first string: lokesh
Enter second string:mca1sem
Length of the first string is: 6
Length of the second string is: 7
Enter your choice: 3
Enter first string: lokesh
Enter second string: mca1sem
Concatination of two strings is:
lokeshmca1sem
Concept Of Sequential Access Using Files
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
class student
{
public:
int
sno;
char
sname[20];
int
sub1,sub2,sub3;
int
tot;
float
avg;
char
result[20];
void
read();
void
calculate();
void
displaystudent();
};
void student::read()
{
cout<<"\n
enter student no:";
cin>>sno;
cout<<"\n
enter student name:";
cin>>sname;
cout<<"\n
enter marks in three subjects:";
cin>>sub1>>sub2>>sub3;
}
void student::calculate()
{
if(sub1>=35&&sub2>=35&&sub3>=35)
{
strcpy(result,"pass");
}
else
{
strcpy(result,"fail");
}
tot=sub1+sub2+sub3;
avg=tot/3;
}
void student::displaystudent()
{
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<sno;
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<sname;
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<sub1;
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<sub2;
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<sub3;
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<tot;
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<avg;
cout.setf(ios::left,ios::adjustfield);
cout.width(10);
cout<<result;
getch();
}
void main()
{
student
s[10];
ofstream
out;
int
sno,n;
clrscr();
out.open("lok1.txt",ios::out|ios::app);
cout<<"\n
enter no of students:";
cin>>n;
for(int
i=0;i<n;i++)
{
s[i].read();
s[i].calculate();
out.write((char*)&s[i],sizeof(s[i]));
}
out.close();
ifstream
in;
in.open("lok1.txt",ios::in);
in.seekg(0,ios::beg);
cout<<"\n
enter roll no:";
cin>>sno;
while(in.read((char*)&s[i],sizeof(s[i])))
{
if(s[i].sno==sno)
{
cout<<"sno"<<setw(10)<<"sname"<<setw(10)<<"sub1"<<setw(10)<<"sub2"
<<setw(10)<<"sub3"<<setw(10)<<"total"<<setw(10)<<"avg"<<setw(10)<<"result"
<<endl;
s[i].displaystudent();
getch();
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
enter no of students:2
enter student no:101
enter student name :RAJU
enter marks in three subjects:58
68
78
enter student no:102
enter student name :LOKESH
enter marks in three subjects:87
85
65
enter roll no:102
sno sname
sub1 sub2 sub3
total avg result
102 LOKESH
87 85 65 237
79 pass
Concept
Of Random Access Using Files
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class invest
{
public:
int code;
char item[20];
int price;
void getdata();
void putdata();
};
void
invest::getdata()
{
cout<<"\n
enter item code:";
cin>>code;
cout<<"\n
enter item:";
cin>>item;
cout<<"\n
enter item cost:";
cin>>price;
}
void
invest::putdata()
{
cout<<setw(10)<<code;
cout<<setw(10)<<item;
cout<<setprecision(2)<<setw(10)<<price<<endl;
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
invest item;
int ch;
char ch1;
do
{
cout<<"\n
1.insert \n 2.display \n 3.update \n 4.delete";
cout<<"\nenter
your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
ofstream out;
out.open("stock10.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
item.getdata();
out.write((char*)&item,sizeof(item));
out.close();
break;
case 2:
ifstream in;
in.open("stock10.dat",ios::in);
in.seekg(0,ios::beg);
cout<<"\n
item details"<<endl;
while(in.read((char*)&item,sizeof(item)))
{
item.putdata();
}
in.close();
break;
case
3:
ifstream
fin1("stock10.dat",ios::in);
ofstream
fout("stock20.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
cout<<"\n
enter code:";
int c;
while(fin1.read((char*)&item,sizeof(item)))
{
if(item.code==c)
{
item.getdata();
fout.write((char*)&item,sizeof(item));
}
else
{
fout.write((char*)&item,sizeof(item));
}
}
fin1.close();
fout.close();
remove("stock10.dat");
rename("stock20.dat","stock10.dat");
break;
case 4:
ifstream
fin2("stock10.dat",ios::in);
ofstream
fout1("stock20.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
cout<<"\n
enter code:";
cin>>c;
fin2.seekg(0,ios::beg);
while(fin2.read((char*)&item,sizeof(item)))
{
if(item.code==c)
{
cout<<"\n record is
deleted";
break;
}
else
{
fout1.write((char*)&item,sizeof(item));
}
}
fin2.close();
fout1.close();
remove("stock10.dat");
rename("stock20.dat","stock10.dat");
break;
}
cout<<"still you want
to continue(y/n):";
cin>>ch1;
}while(ch1=='y'||ch1=='Y');
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
1.insert
2.display
3.update
4.delete
enter your choice:1
enter item code:1022
enter item:pen
enter item cost:26
still you want to continue(y/n):y
1.insert
2.display
3.update
4.delete
enter your choice:2
item details
1022 pen
26
still you want to continue(y/n):n
Employee
Details Using Constructors
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define max 3
class emp
{
public:
int eno;
char name[15];
float basic,hra,da,pf,net;
emp()
{
cout<<"\n\t enter empno:";
cin>>eno;
cout<<"\n\t enter
ename:";
cin>>name;
cout<<"\n\t enter
basic:";
cin>>basic;
}
void display()
{
da=basic*0.2;
pf=basic*0.5;
hra=basic*0.3;
net=basic+hra+da-pf;
cout<<"\n\n\t***employee
details***";
cout<<"\n\t employee
name="<<name;
cout<<"\n\t employee
number="<<eno;
cout<<"\n\t hra
is="<<hra;
cout<<"\n\t
da is="<<da;
cout<<"\n\t
pfis="<<pf;
cout<<"\n\t net salary
is="<<net;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
int
n;
n=5;
emp
e[max];
cout<<"\n\t
enter a no:";
cin>>n;
for(int
i=0;i<max;i++)
{
if(e[i].eno==n)
{
e[i].display();
}
}
getch();
}
Output:
enter empno:1
enter ename:LOKESH
enter basic:6000
enter empno:2
enter ename:KISHORE
enter
basic:5000
enter empno:3
enter ename:NAVEEN
enter
basic:4000
enter a no:1
***employee
details***
employee name=LOKESH
employee number=1
hra is=1800
da is=1200
pf
is=3000
net salary is=6000
Types Of
Constructors
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
class construct
{
int a;
float b;
char*name;
public:
construct()
{
a=0;b=0.0;
name="abc";
}
construct(int
x,float y)
{
a=x;
b=y;
name="xy";
}
construct(char*s)
{
a=20;
b=25.25;
name=new
char(strlen(s)+1);
strcpy(name,s);
}
construct(construct
&d)
{
a=d.a;
b=d.b;
name=new
char(strlen(d.name)+1);
strcpy(name,d.name);
}
void display()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"\n\t value of
a="<<a<<"b="<<b;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
int n;
do
{
cout<<"\n\n\t
types of constuctors";
cout<<"\n\n\t
---------------------";
cout<<"\n\t
1.Default constructor";
cout<<"\n\t
2.Parameterised constructor";
cout<<"\n\t 3.Overloaded
constructor";
cout<<"\n\t
4.Copy constructor";
cout<<"\n\t
5.Dynamic constructor";
cout<<"\n\t
6.exit";
cout<<"\n\t
enter your choice:";
cin>>n;
switch(n)
{
case
1:
cout<<"\n\t
Default constructor";
construct
c;
c.display();
break;
case
2:
cout<<"\n\t
Parameterised constructor";
construct
c1(5,10.5);
c1.display();
break;
case
3:
cout<<"\n\t
Overloaded constructor";
construct
c2("abc");
c2.display();
break;
case
4:
cout<<"\n\t
copy constructor";
construct
c3=c2;
c3.display();
break;
case
5:
cout<<"\n\t
Dynamic constructor";
construct
c4(c3);
c4.display();
break;
case
6:
cout<<"\n\n\t**end**";
break;
default:
cout<<"\n\t
your choice is wrong";
break;
}
}while(n!=6);
getch();
}
Output:
types of constuctors
---------------------------
1.Default constructor
2.Parameterised constructor
3.Overloaded constructor
4.Copy constructor
5.Dynamic constructor
6.exit
enter your choice:1
value
of a=0b=0
types of
constuctors
--------------------------
1.Default constructor
2.Parameterised constructor
3.Overloaded constructor
4.Copy constructor
5.Dynamic constructor
6.exit
enter your choice:2
value of a=5b=10.5
types of
constuctors
--------------------------
1.Default constructor
2.Parameterised constructor
3.Overloaded constructor
4.Copy constructor
5.Dynamic constructor
6.exit
enter your choice:3
value of a=20b=25.25
types of
constuctors
--------------------------
1.Default constructor
2.Parameterised constructor
3.Overloaded constructor
4.Copy constructor
5.Dynamic constructor
6.exit
enter your choice:4
value of a=20b=25.25
Constructor
Over Loading
#include<iostream.h>;
#include<conio.h>;
class area
{
public:
area(float x,float y)
{
cout<<"\n area of tryangle
is"<<x*y/2;
}
area(int x,int y)
{
cout<<"area of rectangle
is"<<x*y;
}
area(int a)
{
cout<<"area of cercile is
"<<3.14*a*a;
}
area(float a)
{
cout<<"area of sphere is "<<4*3.14*a*a;
}
} ;
void main()
{
clrscr();
int n,a,b;
float x,y;
do
{
cout<<"\n\tenter ur
cout<<"\n\t1.area of tryangle";
cout<<"\n\t2.area of rectangle";
cout<<"\n\t3.area of circle";
cout<<"\n\t4.area of sphere";
cout<<"\n\t0.exit";
cout<<"\n\tenter ur
cin>>n;
switch(n)
{
case
1:
cout<<"\n\t
ur
cout<<"\n\tenter
base and height of try angle";
cin>>x>>y;
area
a1(x,y);
break;
case
2:
cout<<"\n\t
ur
cout<<"enter
length and breadth";
cin>>a>>b;
area
a2(a,b);
break;
case 3:
cout<<"\n\t
ur
cout<<"enter
radius of cercle";
cin>>a;
area
a3(a);
break;
case 4:
cout<<"\n\t
ur
cout<<"enter
radius ";
cin>>x;
area
a4(x);
break;
case 0:
cout<<"\n
exit";
default:
cout<<"enter a correct choice";
}
}while(n!=0);
}
Output:
Enter Ur
1.Area of Triangle
2.Area of Rectangle
3.Area of Circle
4.Area of Sphere
0.exit 3
Enter Radius3
Area of Circle is:28.26
Enter Ur
1.Area of Triangle
2.Area of Rectangle
3.Area of Circle
4.Area of Sphere
0.exit 4
Enter Radius5
Area
of Sphere is:452.16
Enter Ur
1.Area of Triangle
2.Area of Rectangle
3.Area of Circle
4.Area of Sphere
0.exit 0
Enter correct choice4
Complex numbers using operator
overloading
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class complex
{
private:
float real,imag;
public:
complex()
{
real=imag=0;
}
void getdata()
{
cout<<"\n\n Real part:";
cin>>real;
cout<<"\n\n Imaginary part:";
cin>>imag;
}
void outdata(char *msg)
{
cout<<endl<<msg;
cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<")";
}
complex operator+(complex c2);
complex operator-(complex c2);
complex operator*(complex c2);
complex operator/(complex c2);
};
complex complex::operator+(complex c2 )
{
complex temp;
temp.real=real+c2.real;
temp.imag=imag+c2.imag;
return(temp);
}
complex complex::operator-(complex c2)
{
complex temp;
temp.real=real-c2.real;
temp.imag=imag-c2.imag;
return(temp);
}
complex complex::operator*(complex c2)
{
complex temp;
temp.real=real*c2.real-imag*c2.imag;
temp.imag=real*c2.imag+imag*c2.real;
return(temp);
}
complex complex::operator/(complex c2)
{
complex temp;
float qt;
qt=c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag;
temp.real=(real*c2.real+imag*c2.imag)/qt;
temp.imag=(imag*c2.real-real*c2.imag)/qt;
return(temp);
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
complex c1,c2,c3;
cout<<"\n\n Enter complex number c1:"<<endl;
c1.getdata();
cout<<"\n\n Enter complex number c2:"<<endl;
c2.getdata();
cout<<"\n\n Entered complex numbers are";
c1.outdata("c1=");
c2.outdata("c2=");
cout<<"\n\n COMPUTAIONAL RESULTS ARE.....";
c3=c1+c2;
c3.outdata("c3=c1+c2");
c3=c1-c2;
c3.outdata("c3=c1-c2");
c3=c1*c2;
c3.outdata("c3=c1*c2");
c3=c1/c2;
c3.outdata("c3=c1/c2");
c3=c1+c2+c1+c2;
c3.outdata("c3=c1+c2+c1+c2");
c3=c1*c2+c1/c2;
c3.outdata("c3=c1*c2+c1/c2");
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter complex number
c1:
Real part:3
Imaginary part:-5
Enter complex number
c2:
Real part:2
Imaginary part:8
Entered complex
numbers are
c1=(3,-5)
c2=(2,8)
COMPUTAIONAL RESULTS
ARE.....
c3=c1+c2(5,3)
c3=c1-c2(1,-13)
c3=c1*c2(46,14)
c3=c1/c2(-0.5,-0.5)
c3=c1+c2+c1+c2(10,6)
c3=c1*c2+c1/c2(45.5,13.5)
// MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS ON
MATRICES
#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
class matrix
{
int
r,c,a[10][10];
public:
matrix(){}
matrix(int
a,int b)
{ r=a;
c=b;
}
matrix
operator +(matrix) ;
matrix
operator -(matrix);
matrix
operator *(matrix);
void
show();
void
read();
};
matrix
matrix::operator +(matrix m)
{
matrix n;
if((r==m.r)&&(c==m.c))
{
n.r=r;
n.c=c;
for(int i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<c;j++)
{
n.a[i][j]=a[i][j]+m.a[i][j];
}
}
}
else
cout<<"matrix addition not
possible";
return n;
}
matrix matrix:: operator -(matrix m)
{
matrix n;
if((r==m.r)&&(c==m.c))
{
n.r=r;
n.c=c;
for(int i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c;j++)
{
n.a[i][j]=a[i][j]-m.a[i][j];
}
}
}
else
cout<<"matrix
subtraction not possible";
return n;
}
matrix matrix::operator *(matrix m)
{
matrix n;
if(c==m.r)
{
n.r=r;n.c=c;
for(int
i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<c;j++)
{
n.a[i][j]=0;
for(int
k=0;k<c;k++)
{
n.a[i][j]=n.a[i][j]+a[i][k]*m.a[k][j];
}
}
}
}
else
cout<<"\n
matrix multiplication is not possible";
return n;
}
void matrix::read()
{
for(int
i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<c;j++)
{
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
}
void matrix::show()
{
for(int
i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(int
j=0;j<c;j++)
{
cout<<a[i][j]<<"
";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
void main()
{
int a,b,x,y,n;
char ch;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter rows and
columns for first matris";
cin>>x>>y;
matrix m(x,y);
cout<<"Enter number of
rows and columns for second matrix";
cin>>a>>b;
matrix m1(a,b);
cout<<"\n Enter elements
for first matrix";
m.read();
cout<<"\n Enter elements
for second matrix";
m1.read();
do
{
cout<<"\n 1.addition \n
2.subtraction \n 3.multiplication \n 4.exit";
cout<<"\n Enter your
choice";
cin>>n;
switch(n)
{
case 1:matrix a;
a=m+m1;
a.show();
break;
case 2: matrix a1;
a1=m-m1;
a1.show();
break;
case 3: matrix a2;
a2=m*m1;
a2.show();
break;
case
4:return;
default:cout<<"invalid
option";
}
cout<<"\n Do you want
to continue(y/n)";
cin>>ch;
}while(ch=='y'||ch=='Y');
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter rows and columns for first matris2
2
Enter number of rows and columns for second matrix2
2
Enter elements for
first matrix12
12
23
23
Enter elements for
second matrix12
12
23
23
1.addition
2.subtraction
3.multiplication
4.exit
Enter your choice:3
420 420
805 805
Do you want to
continue(y/n): y
1.addition
2.subtraction
3.multiplication
4.exit
Enter your choice: 1
24 24
46 46
Do you want to
continue(y/n): n
//
CONCEPTS OF FILES
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
class employee
{
public:
int empno;
char
name[20];
float
salary;
void
getdata();
void
putdata();
};
void employee::getdata()
{
cout<<"\n\n Enter employee
number:";
cin>>empno;
cout<<"\n\n Enter name of
the employee:";
cin>>name;
cout<<"\n\n Enter employee
salary:";
cin>>salary;
}
void employee::putdata()
{
cout<<setw(10)<<empno;
cout<<setw(10)<<name;
cout<<setprecision(2)<<setw(10)<<salary<<endl;
}
void main()
{
employee obj;
int ch;
char ch1;
clrscr();
do
{
cout<<"\n\n\t 1.Insert \n\n\t 2.Display \n\n\t 3.Update
\n\n\t 4.Delete";
cout<<endl;
cout<<"\n\n Enter your choice:";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
ofstream out;
out.open("employee1.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
obj.getdata();
out.write((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj));
out.close();
break;
case 2:
ifstream in;
in.open("empolyee1.dat",ios::in);
in.seekg(0,ios::beg);
cout<<"\n\n Employee
details";
cout<<endl;
while(in.read((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj)))
{
obj.putdata();
}
in.close();
break;
case 3:
int c;
ifstream
fin1("employee1.dat",ios::in);
ofstream fout("emp2.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
cout<<"\n\n Enter employee
number:";
cin>>c;
while(fin1.read((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj)))
{
if(obj.empno==c)
{
obj.getdata();
fout.write((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj));
}
else
{
fout.write((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj));
}
}
fin1.close();
fout.close();
remove("employee1.dat");
rename("emp2.dat","employee1.dat");
break;
case 4:
ifstream
fin3("employee1.dat",ios::in);
ofstream
fout5("emp2.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
int c1;
cout<<"\n\n Enter employee
number:";
cin>>c1;
while(fin3.read((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj)))
{
if(obj.empno==c1)
{
fout5.write((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj));
}
else
{
fout5.write((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj));
}
}
fin3.close();
fout5.close();
remove("employee1.dat");
rename("emp2.dat","employee1.dat");
break;
case 5:
ifstream
fin4("employee1.dat",ios::in);
ofstream fout6("emp2.dat",ios::out|ios::app);
int c2;
cout<<"\n\n Enter employe
number:";
cin>>c2;
fin4.seekg(0,ios::beg);
while(fin4.read((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj)))
{
if(obj.empno==c2)
{
cout<<"\n
Record deleted";
break;
}
else
{
fout.write((char*)&obj,sizeof(obj));
}
}
fin4.close();
fout6.close();
remove("employee1.dat");
rename("emp2.dat","employee1.dat");
break;
}
cout<<"\n\n Do you want to
conyinue[y/n];";
cin>>ch1;
}while(ch1=='y'||ch1=='Y');
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
1. Insert
2. Display
3. Update
4. Delete
Enter your choice: 1
Enter employee number: 1010
Enter employee name: MUNI
Enter employee salary: 5000
Do you want to continue[y/n]:y
1. Insert
2. Display
3. Update
4. Delete
Enter your choice:2
Employee details
1010 MUNI
5000
Do you want to continue[y/n]: y
1. Insert
2. Display
3. Update
4. Delete
Enter your choice: 3
Enter employee number: 1010
Enter employee number: 120
Enter employee name: SEKHAR
Enter employee salary: 10000
Do you want to continue[y/n]: y
1.
Insert
2. Display
3.
Update
4.
Delete
Enter your choice: 2
Employee details
120 SEKHAR
10000
Do you want to continue[y/n]:n
// CONCEPT OF HIERARCHICAL
INHERITANCE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
const int maxlength=25;
class vehicle
{
protected:
char name[maxlength];
int wheelcount;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"\n Enter name of the
vehicle:";
cin>>name;
cout<<"\n Enter number of
wheels:";
cin>>wheelcount;
}
void displaydata()
{
cout<<"\n\n Name of
Vehicle:"<<name;
cout<<"\n\n Wheelcount:"<<wheelcount;
}
};
class lightmotor:public vehicle
{
protected:
int speedlimit;
public:
void getdata()
{
vehicle::getdata();
cout<<"\n\n Enter
speedlimit:";
cin>>speedlimit;
}
void displaydata()
{
vehicle::displaydata();
cout<<"\n\n Speed
limit:"<<speedlimit;
cout<<endl;
}
};
class heavymotor:public vehicle
{
protected:
int lc;
int pr;
public:
void getdata()
{
vehicle::getdata();
cout<<"\n\n Load
capacity:"<<lc;
cout<<"\n\n
Permit:"<<pr;
}
};
class gearmotor:public lightmotor
{
protected:
int gearcount;
public:
void getdata()
{
lightmotor::getdata();
cout<<"\n\n Enter no.of
gears:";
cin>>gearcount;
}
void displaydata()
{
lightmotor::displaydata();
cout<<"\n\n Gears
are:"<<gearcount;
}
};
class nongearmotor:public lightmotor
{
public:
void getdata()
{
lightmotor::displaydata();
}
};
class passenger:public heavymotor
{
protected:
int sit;
int stand;
public:
void getdata()
{
heavymotor::getdata();
cout<<"\n\n Enter maximum
seats:";
cin>>sit;
cout<<"\n\n Enter minimum
seats:";
cin>>stand;
}
void displaydata()
{
heavymotor::displaydata();
cout<<"\n\n Maximum
seats:"<<sit;
cout<<"\n\n minimum
seats:"<<stand;
}
};
class goods:public heavymotor
{
public:
void getdata()
{
heavymotor::getdata();
}
void displaydata()
{
heavymotor::displaydata();
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
gearmotor vehi1;
passenger vehi2;
cout<<"\n\n\t" ;
cout<<"\n\n Enter data for
gearmotor vehicle"<<endl;
vehi1.getdata();
cout<<"\n\n\t";
cout<<"\n\n Enter data for
passenger vehicle:"<<endl;
vehi2.getdata();
cout<<"\n\n\t";
cout<<"\n\n Data of motor
vehicle"<<endl;
vehi1.displaydata();
cout<<"\n\n\t";
cout<<"\n\n Data of passenger
vehicle"<<endl;
vehi2.displaydata();
cout<<endl;
cout<<"\n\n All are executed
successfully"<<endl;
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter data for
gearmotor vehicle
Enter name of the
vehicle:car
Enter number of
wheels:4
Enter speedlimit:120
Enter no.of gears:4
Enter data for
passenger vehicle:
Enter name of the vehicle:bus
Enter number of
wheels:6
Load capacity:240
Permit:-29184
Enter maximum
seats:40
Enter minimum
seats:30
Data of motor vehicle
Name of Vehicle:car
Wheelcount:4
Speed limit:120
Gears are:4
Data of passenger
vehicle
Name of Vehicle:bus
Wheelcount:6
Maximum seats:40
minimum seats:30
All are executed
successfully
// CONCEPT OF MULTIPLE INHERITANCE
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
class student
{
public:
int rno;
char
name[20],subname[20],subcode[20];
void
read();
void
display();
};
class marks
{
public:
int
inmarks,exmarks;
void
read();
void
display();
};
class result:public student,public marks
{
public:
int total;
void read()
{
student::read();
marks::read();
}
void cal()
{
total=inmarks+exmarks;
}
void
display()
{
student::display();
marks::display();
}
};
void student::read()
{
cout<<"\n Enter student
regno:";
cin>>rno;
cout<<"\n Enter student
name:";
cin>>name;
cout<<"\n Enter subject
name:";
cin>>subname;
cout<<"\n Enter subject
code:";
cin>>subcode;
}
void student::display()
{
cout<<"\n student
regno:"<<rno;
cout<<"\n student
name:"<<name;
cout<<"\n subject
name:"<<subname;
cout<<"\n subject
code:"<<subcode;
}
void marks::read()
{
cout<<"\n Enter student
internal marks:";
cin>>inmarks;
cout<<"\n Enter student
external marks:";
cin>>exmarks;
}
void marks::display()
{
cout<<"\n internal
marks:"<<inmarks;
cout<<"\n external
marks:"<<exmarks;
}
void menu()
{
cout<<"\n 1.insert new
entry";
cout<<"\n 2.delete an
entry";
cout<<"\n 3.display
all";
cout<<"\n 4.display the
selected entry";
cout<<"\n 5.exit";
}
void main()
{
result r1[20];
int n=0,i,j,count=0,ch,no;
clrscr();
menu();
cout<<"\n Enter ur
cin>>ch;
while(ch<=4)
{
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
r1[count].read();
r1[count].cal();
n++;
count++;
break;
case 2:
cout<<"\n
Enter regno to delete:";
cin>>no;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(r1[i].rno==0)
{
count--;
for(j=i;j<n;j++)
{
r1[i].rno=r1[i+1].rno;
strcpy(r1[i].name,r1[i+1].name);
strcpy(r1[i].subname,r1[i+1].subname);
strcpy(r1[i].subcode,r1[i+1].subcode);
r1[i].exmarks=r1[i+1].exmarks;
r1[i].inmarks=r1[i+1].inmarks;
r1[i].total=r1[i+1].total;
i++;
}
}
}
break;
case 3:
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
{
r1[i].display();
}
break;
case 4:
cout<<"\n
Enter regno to display:";
for(i=0;i<count;i++)
{
if(r1[i].rno==no)
{
r1[i].display();
}
}
break;
}
menu();
cout<<"\n
Enter u r choice to continue:";
cin>>ch;
}
}
OUTPUT:
1.insert new entry
2.delete an entry
3.display all
4.display the selected
entry
5.exit
Enter ur
Enter student
regno:10
Enter student
name:priya
Enter subject name:ip
Enter subject
code:123
Enter student
internal marks:30
Enter student
external marks:70
1.insert new entry
2.delete an entry
3.display all
4.display the
selected entry
5.exit
Enter u r choice to
continue:2
Enter regno to
delete:10
1.insert new entry
2.delete an entry
3.display all
4.display the
selected entry
5.exit
Enter u r choice to
continue:3
student regno:10
student name:priya
subject name:ip
subject code:123
internal marks:30
external marks:70
1.insert new entry
2.delete an entry
3.display all
4.display the
selected entry
5.exit
Enter u r choice to
continue:n
//EMPLOYEE DETAILS USING CLASSES
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class employee
{
protected:
int eno;
char
ename[10];
public:
void
accept()
{
cout<<"enter
emp no:";
cin>>eno;
cout<<"enter
name of the employee:";
cin>>ename;
}
void
displayemp()
{
cout<<"\n empno="<<"\t"<<eno<<"\n
empname="<<"\t"<<ename;
}
};
class job:public employee
{
protected:
char
dsgn[20];
float sal;
public:
void
getemp()
{
accept();
cout<<"\n
enter designation:";
cin>>dsgn;
cout<<"\n
enter salary:";
cin>>sal;
}
void display()
{
displayemp();
cout<<"\n
designation"<<"\t"<<dsgn<<"\n
sal"<<"\t"<<sal;
cout<<endl;
}
};
class salary:public job
{
float nsal,da,hra;
public:
void
read()
{
getemp();
}
void
calculate()
{
da=sal*0.02;
hra=sal*0.06;
nsal=da+hra+sal;
}
void
putdata()
{
display();
cout<<"\n
da="<<"\t"<<da<<"\n
hra="<<"\t"<<hra<<"\n
sal="<<"\t"<<sal<<endl;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
salary s[10];
int n,i,ch;
cout<<"\n enter no.of
employees:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\n 1.read
2.calculate 3.display";
cout<<"\n enter ur
cin>>ch;
while(ch<=3)
{
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
s[i].read();
break;
case 2:
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
s[i].calculate();
cout<<"\n
caluculated completed";
break;
case 3:
cout<<"\n \n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
s[i].putdata();
cout<<"\n \n";
break;
}
cout<<"\n 1.read 2.calculate 3.display";
cout<<"\n enter u r choice";
cin>>ch;
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
enter no.of
employees:1
1.read 2.calculate
3.display
enter ur
enter emp no:1
enter name of the employee:ABC
enter
designation:SOFTWARE
enter salary:40000
1.read 2.calculate
3.display
enter u r choice2
caluculated completed
1.read 2.calculate
3.display
enter u r choice3
empno= 1
empname= ABC
designation SOFTWARE
sal 40000
da= 800
hra= 2400
sal= 40000
1.read 2.calculate
3.display
enter u r choice:4
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